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| حل التعيين الثاني English I |
Read the following text, and then answer the questions that follow:
India has two national languages for central administrative purposes: Hindi and English. Hindi is the national, official, and main link language of India. English is an associate official language. The Indian Constitution also officially approves twenty-two regional languages for official purposes.
Dozens of distinctly different regional languages are spoken in India, which share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Since the early 1600s, the English language has had a toehold on the Indian subcontinent, when the East India Company established settlements in Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai, formerly Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay respectively. The historical background of India is never far away from everyday usage of English. India has had a longer exposure to English than any other country which uses it as a second language, its distinctive words, idioms, grammar and rhetoric spreading gradually to affect all places, habits and culture.
In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic tool for the administrative cohesiveness of the country, causing people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of wider communication, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. It overlaps with local languages in certain spheres of influence and in public domains.Generally, English is used among Indians as a ‘link’ language and it is the first language for many well-educated Indians. It is also the second language for many who speak more than one language in India. The English language is a tie that helps bind the many segments of our society together. Also, it is a linguistic bridge between the major countries of the world and India.The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly because English has become the de facto standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for internet communications throughout the world. English is a language that has become a standard not because it has been approved by any ‘standards’ organization but because it is widely used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard. The call centre phenomenon has stimulated a huge expansion of internet-related activity, establishing the future of India as a cyber-technological super-power. Modern communications, videos, journals and newspapers on the internet use English and have made ‘knowing English’ indispensable. The prevailing view seems to be that unless students learn English, they can only work in limited jobs. Those who do not have basic knowledge of English cannot obtain good quality jobs. They cannot communicate efficiently with others, and cannot have the benefit of India’s rich social and cultural life. Men and women who cannot comprehend and interpret instructions in English, even if educated, are unemployable. A positive attitude to English as a national language is essential to the integration of people into Indian society. There would appear to be virtually no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. Using English you will become a citizen of the world almost naturally. English plays a dominant role in the media. It has been used as a medium for inter-state communication and broadcasting both before and since India’s independence. India is, without a doubt, committed to English as a national language. The impact of English is not only continuing but increasing.
(Q. 1) State whether the following statements are either True or False: (10*2=20 pts).
1. According to the writer, the Indian constitution recognizes Hindi as the national language.
2. English is used as a lingua franca because it shares many grammatical similarities with Hindi.
3. English as a national language is essential to the integration of people into the Indian society.
4. The underlined word toehold in paragraph 2 means that English changed the names of cities in India.
5. According to the passage, those who do not know English can hold good quality jobs.
6. The English language is a tie that links the different segments of the Indian society together.
7. English language has become standard because it has been approved by the Indian's standards organization.
8. The influence of English language in India is increasing.
9. English language permeates the Indians' daily life.
10. English Language plays an inconsiderable role in the Indian media.
(Q. 2) Choose the correct answer. (10*3=30 pts)
1. I was standing ……….the bus stop when the accident happened.
a. at b. in c. on d. with
2. The will travel to Cairo…………….May.
a. at b. in c. for d. on
3. Unfortunately, the rescue team arrived after the ship……………
a. sank b. has sunk c. will sink d. had sunk
4. I couldn't agree more. The preceding sentence expresses…………….
a. agreement b. disagreement c. ability d. obligation
5. Never promise ………….things which you cannot do.
a. to do b. do c. doing d. does
6. They suggested ………………. At home.
a. to stay b. staying c. stay d. stayed
7. Bus fare means a……………
a. price of petrol b. price of spare parts c. price of bus ticket d. bus plate number
8. I ……………… borrow some money because I lost my wallet while I was shopping.
a. ought to b. must c. should d. had to
9. The baby is laughing. The underlined verb is ……………..
a. transitive b. ditransitive c. passive d intransitive.
10. Bill saw Mary here. The underlined word is……………..
a. an adjective b. a noun c. a prepositional phrase d. an adverb
A. Change the following into passive form. (3*5=15 pts)
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